At the end of the 19th century, bacteriological studies in Hong Kong were still underdeveloped. It was not until 1905 that a permanent Bacteriological Institute was constructed at Caine Lane. This elegant red-brick building was renamed the Pathological Institute after World War II and was later occupied by the Department of Health as a medical store. It has been recently converted to the Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences managed by the Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences Society.