Throughout the historical periods, people continued to live on Chek Lap Kok Island. Artefacts ascribed to pre-Tang Dynasty were sparse. Only a few pottery sherds of the Han Dynasty were retrieved, suggesting that the population was relatively small during the Han Dynasty. Cultural remains of the Tang and Song dynasties were unearthed in large quantities. At Sham Wan Tsuen more than twenty limekilns of the Tang Dynasty together with abundant ceramic vessels of the Tang and Song dynasties were discovered. Export wares of the Tang Dynasty Changsha Kiln were found, indicating the island's involvement with maritime trade during that period.

The discovery of thirteen furnace structures at Ha Law Wan represents the first archaeological remains of the Yuan Dynasty ever discovered in Hong Kong. The structures were probably related to iron smelting on Chek Lap Kok Island.

A temple was built completely of granite slabs at Miu Wan by local habitants in 1823 (Third year of Daoguang Reign, Qing Dynasty). It was dismantled in 1991 and has been re-erected at Wong Lung Hang, Tung Chung.